#Symphytum symphytum skin#
Pregnancy and breast-feeding: Comfrey is LIKELY UNSAFE to take by mouth or apply to the skin if you are pregnant or breast-feeding. For this reason, it is POSSIBLY UNSAFE to apply comfrey to broken skin or to apply large amounts to the skin for more than 6 weeks. It's important to remember that the poisonous chemicals in comfrey can pass through the skin. When applied to the skin: When applied to unbroken skin in small amounts for less than 10 days, comfrey is POSSIBLY SAFE for most people. The FDA has recommended that all oral comfrey products be removed from the market. It contains chemicals (pyrrolizidine alkaloids, PAs) that can cause liver damage, lung damage, and cancer. S2CID 5432523.When taken by mouth: Comfrey is LIKELY UNSAFE for anyone when taken by mouth.
![symphytum symphytum symphytum symphytum](http://www.nic.funet.fi/index/Tree_of_life/plants/magnoliophyta/magnoliophytina/magnoliopsida/boraginaceae/symphytum/sp-2.jpg)
"Efficacy and safety of comfrey root extract ointment in the treatment of acute upper or lower back pain: results of a double-blind, randomised, placebo controlled, multicentre trial". Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology. "Hepatic veno-occlusive disease associated with comfrey ingestion".
![symphytum symphytum symphytum symphytum](https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-piUM6Sif5xQ/TfNPXxTs7lI/AAAAAAAAB_E/yCD7pyTQSyc/s1600/Symphytum+tuberosum..jpg)
![symphytum symphytum symphytum symphytum](https://bethchatto.2dimg.com/4/1456312496_5864.jpg)
"Metabolism, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity of Comfrey". : CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link) University of Wisconsin, Extension, Cooperative-Extension. ^ Teynor, Putnam, Doll, Kelling, Oelke, Undersander, and Oplinger.Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Comfrey is particularly contraindicated during pregnancy and lactation, in infants, and in people with liver, kidney, or vascular diseases. In 2001, the United States Food and Drug Administration issued a ban of comfrey products marketed for internal use, and a warning label for those intended for external use. In modern herbalism, comfrey is most commonly used topically. Liver toxicity is associated with consuming this plant or its extracts. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids are responsible for comfreys production of hepatotoxicity. The tradition in different cultures and languages suggest a common belief in its usefulness for mending bones.Ĭomfrey contains mixed phytochemicals in varying amounts, including allantoin, mucilage, saponins, tannins, pyrrolizidine alkaloids, and inulin, among others. Similarly, the common French name is consoude, meaning to weld together. Phytochemistry, folk medicine, and toxicity įolk medicine names for comfrey include knitbone, boneset, and the derivation of its Latin name Symphytum (from the Greek symphis, meaning growing together of bones, and phyton, a plant), referring to its ancient uses. Offsets can also be purchased by mail order from specialist nurseries in order to initially build up a stock of plants. The original plant will quickly recover, and each piece can be replanted with the growing points just below the soil surface, and will quickly grow into new plants. This removes the crown, which can then be split into pieces. The gardener can produce "offsets" from mature, strongly growing plants by driving a spade horizontally through the leaf clumps about 7 cm (2.8 in) below the soil surface.
![symphytum symphytum symphytum symphytum](https://bethchatto.2dimg.com/4/1456312393_7834.jpg)